Phagocytosis

Several types of cells in the immune system engulf microorganisms Phagocytosis.
-Neutrophil: are abundant in the blood, quickly enter tissues, and phagocytize pathogens in acute inflammation.



Macrophages: are closely related to monocytes in the blood. These cells predominate in chronic inflammation. They also release some important inflammatory chemicals.



B Lymphocytes: Phagocytosis in these cells is important for the elaboration of a specific immune response rather than for directly destroying the pathogens. (Activity 2).





Phagocytosis begins with the neutrophil or macrophage flowing around the pathogen and engulfing it so that it winds up enclosed in phagocytic vesicle.

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phagocytosis2.png

The next step is the fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome. The result is called a phagolysosome. Lysosome are derived from the Golgi apparatus, much like secretion vesicles, but their contents are focused on destroying microorganisms.

And finally the cell will lyse the pathogen and eliminate it out if the body.

Sometimes the pathogen is strong than the macrophage or neutrophil.

What will be the next line of defense?

Cells of the Immune System

I-Cells of the immune system:

A-Non-Specific immune system :

a-Monocytes:
-Horseshoe-shaped nucleus
-cross capillary walls and become macrophages in tissues
-have phagocytic abilities

b-Granuolocytes:
-Also called polymorphonuclear cells
-cross capillary wall
-have a phagocytic ability

c-Lymphocytes:
---> B-lymphocytes:
-round nucleus
-secret antibodies

--->T-lymphocytes:
-round nucleas
-killer cells

http://www.leukine.com/patients/benefits_leukine_therapy/cancer_therapy_immune_system.html

Where do these cells originate and where do they mature ?

Inflammatory Reaction

A skin cut, a wound, or a burn may lead to a disruption in your first barrier, your skin. Once the first barrier is broken, foreign antigens easily enter into your body causing it to react. Activation of the non-specific immune response, mainly characterized by an inflammation in the affected area, will occur very rapidly.

http://students.umf.maine.edu/~schwarka/stresswebquest/Process.html/http

What will happen in your body when an inflammation occur ?

http://www.goodpsych.com/stress-psychology/

-Redness and heat due to the dilatation of the capillaries and increased blood supply to that area.
- Granulocytes and monocytes will be attracted to the area by the microbes introduced, and will try to phagocyte the foreign antigens equally.

And the war begins between them.

http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_26/lect_26.htm

What do you think will happen if the granulocytes and monocutes failed to remove the foreign antigen from your body?

Welcome

Welcome 8 th graders to your specially created blog, that will help you understand how your immune system works. Together we will discover the secrets of our body's ability to fight enemies from invading our systems.

I hope you enjoy !